Step 1

Whisk the lemon juice, oil, and salt together in a large bowl. Add the broccoli and toss to combine. Set aside at least 20 minutes, tossing occasionally. Meanwhile, heat an outdoor grill to medium heat (325°F to 375°F).

Step 2

Drain the broccoli through a colander, then return the broccoli to the bowl (no need to wash). Sprinkle with the cheese and red pepper flakes if using and toss until the broccoli is thoroughly coated.

Step 3

Using tongs, place the broccoli on the grill in a single layer, leaving at least 1/2-inch space between pieces. Cover the grill and cook, flipping the broccoli every 2 1/2 minutes, until crisp-tender, about 10 minutes total. Transfer to a serving bowl, sprinkle with the zest, and toss to combine. Serve warm or at room temperature.