Step 1

Preheat air fryer to 350 degrees F or oven to 370 degrees F.

Step 2

Combine TVP and hot water in a bowl and stir well.

Step 3

In a mixing bowl, mash the beans with a fork. Add the hydrated TVP and all remaining ingredients except the flour/vital wheat gluten. Stir to combine.

Step 4

Add the vital wheat gluten/flour to the bowl and stir. Now use your hands to make sure everything is well incorporated. Lightly knead and mix for 30 seconds or so, to develop the gluten.

Step 5

Form the mixture into a rectangle and divide evenly into 4 pieces. Shape each piece into a patty about ⅝-inch thick. Note: flatter/thinner burgers will be firmer and more dry; slightly thicker patties will be softer and more moist inside. We like them both ways!

Step 6

Air fry for 11 to 13 minutes, flipping at the halfway point. The burgers are done when firm, crisp around the edges, and piping hot in the center.

Step 7

Or to bake in the oven, place the patties on a parchment-lined baking sheet. Bake for 21 to 23 minutes or until piping hot and firm.

Step 8

Let cool for a few minutes then serve on a bun or in a grain bowl or salad.