Step 1

Heat olive oil, vegetables, garlic and chilli in a large saucepan over medium heat and cook, stirring occasionally, until beginning to soften and caramelise (10-12 minutes). Add tomato paste, herbs, peel and spices, and stir until beginning to brown (2 minutes). Add red wine, passata, bring to a simmer, then add sugar and 2½ tsp salt. Add lamb, cover directly with a round of baking paper or with a lid, reduce heat to low, and braise gently until meat is almost falling apart (2 hours). Leave to cool (1-2 hours).

Step 2

Meanwhile, for gnocchetti, mix semolina, olive oil, 125ml cold water and a pinch of salt in a bowl until smooth and combined. Pat into a disc, wrap tightly in plastic wrap and leave to rest for an hour.

Step 3

For pangrattato, stir ingredients in a large frying pan over low-medium heat until golden brown and crisp (15-20 minutes). Drain on paper towels and leave to cool.

Step 4

Skim any fat from the surface of the ragù, remove lamb, shred into small pieces and set aside. Pass remaining ragù through a mouli or coarse sieve into a saucepan, pressing with a large spoon to get as much pulp as possible. Discard solids in sieve, then reduce ragù over medium heat until thick and glossy (30-40 minutes). Return lamb to ragù, adjust seasoning to taste and keep warm.

Step 5

Roll out gnocchetti dough on a well-floured bench until a 1cm-thick square. Cut into pieces about 1cm x 3cm long, then roll each piece lengthways over a gnocchi board, pressing with your thumb; if you don't have a board, form the shape with a fork. Transfer to trays dusted with semolina and scatter with more semolina.

Step 6

Blanch gnochetti in batches in a large saucepan of boiling salted water until they float (1-2 minutes). Transfer to ragù with a slotted spoon and stir in butter over low heat. Serve topped with parmesan and rosemary pangrattato.