White wine - Wikipedia

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White wine - Wikipedia

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Step 1

^ A convention in Assyriology is to transcribe Sumerian in capitals and Akkadian in small italic letters to differentiate them. ^ The "Wine viné" is one in which alcohol is added after fermentation, wine "muté" has alcohol added during fermentation, and the wine "liqueur" has alcohol added before. See "Wine muté" Archived 2003-04-02 at Archive.today, Grand Terminological Dictionary, Office québécois de la langue française, 2006, consulted on 27 December 2010 (in French). ^ The International code designating the variety indicates the colour of the grape:: B = white (blanc), N = black (noir), Rs = rose, G = grey. ^ For example: for a must with a potential measure of 16% vol, the mutage will be when the fermentation produces 13% vol of alcohol and there will remain 3% vol potential in the form of sugar: so 3 × 16.83 = 50 grams of sugar L to the power of -1 ^ The freezing temperature of wine is approximately half of its alcohol content by volume, expressed as a negative value. For example, a wine of 10% by volume freezes around –5°C, a wine of 12% by volume at around –6°C

Step 2

^ p. 12-13 ^ p. 220 ^ p. 238 ^ p. 230-231. ^ p. 220-221. ^ p. 172-173. ^ p. 96-97. ^ p. 235-236. ^ p. 256-257. ^ p. 269.

Step 3

^ p. 46 ^ p. 62 ^ p. 113 ^ p. 129-137 ^ p. 141-142 ^ p. 153-154 ^ p. 171 ^ p. 173 ^ p. 232 ^ p. 235 ^ p. 264 ^ p. 210 ^ p. 331 ^ p. 335 ^ p. 339 ^ p. 395 ^ p. 396 ^ p. 450 ^ a b p. 397

Step 4

^ a b p. 52-53 ^ a b p. 52 ^ a b p. 55

Step 5

^ p. 143 ^ p. 234

Step 6

^ "Characterize Types of White Wine by Color". ^ A nectar for 7500 years, Philippe Testard-Vaillant, CNRS, consulted on 4 June 2010 (in French) ^ Jean-Pierre Brun, Archeology of Wine and Oil in Prehistory in the Hellenistic era, Éditions Errance, Hespérides collection, Paris, September 2004, 588 pages, ISBN 2-87772-285-6 (in French) ^ Jean Bottéro, The oldest cuisine in the world, Points, Points History collection, Paris, 12 October 2006, 208 pages, ISBN 2-84749-000-0 (in French) ^ a b c History of cognac Archived 2015-07-01 at the Wayback Machine, Bureau National Interprofessionnel du Cognac, consulted on 29 April 2010 (in French) ^ The Wine Market in Argentina, 2009, winealley.com, consulted on 29 December 2010 (in French) ^ The Wine Market in Chile, 2005, winealley.com, consulted on 29 December 2010 (in French) ^ The Wine Market in Mexico, 2010, winealley.com, consulted on 29 December 2010 ^ Forest Ecology, Hans-Jürgen Otto and Matthis Kempf, 1 December 1998, Google Books, Institut forestier pour le développement, ISBN 2-9047 40-65-1, page 54, consulted on 4 June 2010 ^ The "bubbly", the equal of champagne, Marco Evers, 3 December 2009, consulted on 4 June 2010 ^ The Sparkling mysteries of champagne, Mathieu Perreault, 31 December 2009, cyberpresse.ca, on line 31 December 2009, consulted on 4 June 2010 ^ Cabarets and guinguettes, Boire et manger, quelle histoire!, consulted on 20 March 2010 (in French) ^ Perspectives on the market in 2010, consulted on 30 April 2010 ^ Disadvantages of France to export wine Archived 2010-05-26 at the Wayback Machine, 2008–2009, FranceAgriMer, consulted on 5 June 2010 ^ Statistics on the production of wine in Germany Archived 2008-09-20 at the Wayback Machine, German Institute of Wine Statistics, consulted on 17 Aug 2013 (in German) ^ Swiss Agriculture: the grape, Agriculture suisse, consulted on 3 June 2010 (in French) ^ The Wine market in Luxembourg, 2010, winealley.com, consulted on 3 June 2010 ^ The wines of South Catalonia the Appellations, Association des cadres catalans de Toulouse, consulted on 3 June 2010 (in French) ^ Study of the geography of the vine and the wine: Catallonia as a scale of study Archived 2007-10-24 at the Wayback Machine, Gemma Mollevi Bortolo, 2007, Centre d'études et de recherche sur la vigne et le vin, consulted on 3 June 2010 (in French) ^ Ice wine in Canada, Kanata, le Québec en France, consulted on 13 January 2011 (in French) ^ The Sun, the terrain, and the fields: to discover good agriculture, Ecology Files, Claude Bourguignon and Lydia Bourguignon, 2008, Sang de la Terre, ISBN 286985188X, page 171, (in French) ^ The Soil and the sub-soil of the Champagne vineyards, Official website of Champagne, consulted on 4 June 2010 (in French) ^ The success of Chardonnay in the world, a subject for thought, Chardonnay du monde, consulted on 2 March 2010 (in French) ^ "The 7 major types of white wines". ^ Muscat, Muscats du monde, consulted on 2 March 2010 (in French) ^ "Archived copy". www.museevalaisanduvin.ch. Musée Valaisan de la vigne et du vin. Archived from the original on 17 August 2014. Retrieved 19 August 2012.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) ^ "MySwitzerland". www.myswitzerland.com. Office for Swiss Tourism. Retrieved 19 August 2012. ^ Chardonnay, universal variety, Chardonnay du monde, consulted on 2 March 2010 (in French) ^ The catarratto bianco comune, abc du vin, consulted on 29 April 2010 (in French) ^ Maccabeu or maccabeo Archived 2011-03-09 at the Wayback Machine, 75 cl, consulted on 2 March 2010 (in French) ^ "Major types of white wine". ^ Ong, Peter K. C.; Acree, Terry E. (1999). "Similarities in the Aroma Chemistry of Gewürztraminer Variety Wines and Lychee (Litchi chinesisSonn.) Fruit". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 47 (2): 665–670. doi:10.1021/jf980452j. PMID 10563950. ^ AOC Rivesaltes, a very great and very old appellation, Conseil interprofessionnel des vins du Roussillon (CIVR), consulted on 16 March 2010 (in French) ^ Stalk of the bunch of grapes, viticulture-oenologie-formation.fr, Site technique et pédagogique du lycée viticole de la Champagne, consulted on 3 June 2010 (in French) ^ Culture of the Vine and winemaking, Jules Guyot, 2006, Google Books, Élibrons classics, ISBN 0543934454, pages 226-228, consulted on 3 June 2010 (in French) ^ a b c d Chemistry of the Vine. The essential material: the grape, Pascal-Antoine Christin, 2004, futura-science, consulted on 19 March 2010 (in French) ^ Primary material: the bunch of grapes Archived 2004-02-24 at the Wayback Machine, De la vigne au vin, consulted on 3 June 2010 (in French) ^ The sugars on the Vine, Philippe Bavis, CFA de Rouffach, Œnologie.fr, consulted on 3 June 2010 (in French) ^ The organic acids of grapes, Institut français de la vigne et du vin, consulted on 12 April 2010 (in French) ^ Ascorbic Acid, Institut français de la vigne et du vin, consulted on 12 April 2010 (in French) ^ The Vitamins in Wine, Institut français de la vigne et du vin, consulted on 12 April 2010 (in French) ^ Tartaric stabilisation of wine, Institut français de la vigne et du vin, consulted on 31 December 2010 (in French) ^ a b c d e f The Procedures of Winemaking, Science & Vie, No. 155, quarterly series, Jean-Luc Berger, September 1986, Éditions Exelsior, Paris, ISSN 0151-0282, pages 76-77, (in French) ^ Publicity for Dry Ice, consulted on 3 March 2010 (in French) ^ a b c d e f g The Vine and the Wine, Denis, Debourdieu, Chapter: White Wine making, Éditions la manufacture et la cité des sciences et de l'industrie, 1988, Lyon, ISBN 2-7377-0120-1, p. 170-171 (in French). ^ Anex, Paul (1994). Arts et Métiers du Vin [Arts and Crafts of Wine] (in French) (3rd ed.). Yens: Éditions Cabédita. pp. 51–52. ISBN 2-88295-123-X. Retrieved 1 January 2011. ^ a b Settling, consulted on 1 January 2010 (in French) ^ Protein Stability and Finings from bentonite, Institut de la vigne et vins du sud-ouest, consulted on 12 March 2010 (in French) ^ The Finings from Gelatin between science and tradition, Barbara Scotti, 1997, La revue des œnologues No. 85, consulted on 7 January 2010 (in French) ^ PVPP, Institut de la vigne et vins du sud-ouest, consulted on 12 March 2010 (in French) ^ Sopexa, op. cit., p. 19. ^ Making white wine in reduced conditions, Institut français de la vigne et du vin, consulted on 31 December 2010 (in French) ^ What is élevage, Œnologie.fr, consulted on 4 June 2010 (in French) ^ Definition: bâtonnage, Club des amateurs de vins exquis, consulted on 9 January 2011 (in French) ^ a b Maturing of white wines with lees Archived 2017-08-23 at the Wayback Machine, Institut français de la vigne et du vin, vignevin-sudouest.com, consulted on 6 June 2010 (in French) ^ Glossary of Wine: the blending, Hachette vins.com, consulted on 4 June 2010 (in French) ^ Grape Varieties, Official website for Bordeaux wines, consulted on 18 August 2013 ^ The Blending, the quest for harmony (1/2) Archived 2010-06-08 at the Wayback Machine, Sophie Surullo, 2009, Mes vignes.com, consulted on 6 June 2010 (in French) ^ The Blending, the quest for harmony (2/2) Archived 2010-06-27 at the Wayback Machine, Sophie Surullo, 2009, Mes vignes.com, consulted on 6 June 2010 (in French) ^ Conference on the stabilisation of tartaric precipitations, Virginie Moine-Ledoux, Denis Dubourdieu and Dominique Trioné; 2005, Salon Vinitech, at Qingdao (China), consulted on 10 June 2010 ^ Report on experimental grape-harvest 2006: Evaluation of the addition of mannoproteins on the tartaric stability of wines and the validity of the tartaric stabilisation test, L. Blateyron, R&D de l'ICV à Lattes. (in French) ^ Tartaric Stabilisation, 2012, Institut français de la vigne et du vin, consulted on 18 August 2013 (in French) ^ Commission Regulation (EC) No. 606/2009, consulted on 18 August 2013 ^ Protein stability and treatment by bentonite of dry white wines and rosés, Eric Meistermann, Institut français de la vigne et du vin, consulted on 18 August 2013 (in French) ^ a b Inputs in Oenology: SO2 or Sulphur Dioxide, Institut français de la vigne et du vin, consulted on 9 January 2011 (in French) ^ a b c d Émile Peynaud and Jacques Blouin, The taste of Wine: the great book of taste, Dunod, Paris, 2006, 237 pages, p. 159-161, ISBN 2-10-049598-4 (in French) ^ The Hachette Guide to Wines 2010, Hachette, 2009, 1402 pages, p. 669, Tasting of Château-Chalon at the winery of Denis and Maris Chevassu 2002, ISBN 978-2-01-237514-7 (in French) ^ The Hachette Guide to Wines 2010, Hachette, 2009, 1402 pages, p. 669, Tasting of Château-Chalon at the winery of Macle 2000, ISBN 978-2-01-237514-7 (in French) ^ Chardonnay Archived 2008-11-21 at the Wayback Machine, Oovin.com, consulted on 28 April 2010 (in French) ^ Sauvignon Archived 2010-01-19 at the Wayback Machine, Oovin.com, 28 April 2010 (in French) ^ Alsace riesling, Œnotude.com, consulted on 28 April 2010 (in French) ^ The Hachette Guide to Wines 2010, Hachette, 2009, 1402 pages, p. 617, tasting of Fresnet-Baudot champagne 2004, ISBN 978-2-01-237514-7, (in French) ^ The Hachette Guide to Wines 2010, Hachette, 2009, 1402 pages, p. 622, tasting of Guy de Forez champagne 2004, ISBN 978-2-01-237514-7, (in French) ^ a b The Hachette Guide to Wines 2010, Hachette, 2009, 1402 pages, p. 616, tasting of Jean Forget champagne, ISBN 978-2-01-237514-7, (in French) ^ The Hachette Guide to Wines 2010, Hachette, 2009, 1402 pages, p. 611, tasting of Deutz champagne 2004, ISBN 978-2-01-237514-7, (in French) ^ The mystery of fermentation Archived 2011-05-10 at the Wayback Machine, Yquem.fr, consulted on 30 April 2010 (in French) ^ Adapt the Glass to the wine served, Saveurs du monde.net, consulted on 18 August 2013 (in French) ^ a b Service of Champagne, Site officiel du champagne, consulted on 8 May 2010 (in French) ^ Legend of the first Champagne coupe, Je suis cultivé.com, consulted on 8 May 2010 (in French) ^ The INAO Glass, edsoon.com, consulted on 18 August 2013 ^ Oxydation of Burgundy whites, Denis Saverot, La Revue du vin de France, 25 January 2010, consulted on 10 February 2010 (in French) ^ Passerillage, éclaircissage sur souche, Institut français de la vigne et du vin, consulted on 15 March 2010 (in French) ^ The mutage of wines of residual sugar, Collective work, Les cahiers itinéraires d'ITV France, November 2005, 20 pages (in French) ^ Ice Wine: vinification, Vin de glace website, consulted in January 2010 (in French) ^ Review of œnology, Special No. 107, April 2003. ^ A Sparkling Success World-Wide: An Example to Reflect On, Effervescents du monde, consulted on 18 August 2013 ^ Sparkling Gaillac, "méthode gaillacoise", expressions-fermières.com, consulted on 6 March 2010 (in French) ^ The ancestral blanquette de limoux Archived 2010-06-19 at the Wayback Machine, Site de la blanquette de Limoux, consulted on 6 March 2010 (in French) ^ Closed Tank Method for sparkling wine, Effervescents du monde, consulted on 18 August 2013 ^ The bottles for champagne, Encyclo-écolo, consulted on 6 March 2010 (in French) ^ Calculation formula for the production of mistelle, Institut français de la vigne et du vin, consulted on 13 March 2010 (in French) ^ a b Ed McCarthy (Author), Mary Ewing-Mulligan (Author), Ivan-Paul Cassetari (Adapted by), Laure Liger (Adapted by); Wine for Idiots, First Éditions générales, Pour les Nuls, 2007, 540 pages, p. 379-382, ISBN 2754009612 (in French) ^ Pierre Casamayor, The School of Alliances, Dishes and Wines, Hachette pratique, October 2000, ISBN 2012364616 (in French) ^ "Secrets of marinades", Métro, mon épicier, consulted on 30 April 2010 (in French) ^ Italian Tuna Carpaccio, Recettes et saveur d'Italie, consulted on 30 April 2010 (in French) ^ Navarin de lotte, Cuisine et vins de France, consulted on 30 April 2010 (in French) ^ Blanquette de limande, Cuisine et vins de France, consulted on 30 April 2010 (in French) ^ Seafood Pot-au-feu with cream and tarragon, Cuisine et vins de France, consulted on 30 April 2010 (in French) ^ Giacomo Casanova, History of my Life, Robert Laffont, Bouquins collection, Poche, (1999, reprint of 1826), Vol. 2, 1220 pages, ISBN 9782221065235 (in French) ^ Pierre Desproges, Chronicles of an ordinary aversion, Éditions du Seuil, Points collection, 1997, ISBN 9782020320412 (in French) ^ Michel Onfray, The shape of the times, theory of sauternes, Éditions Lgf, 26 August 2009, ISBN 225308297X (in French) ^ Une pointe de champagne Archived 2012-04-11 at the Wayback Machine, Vignoble étiquette.com, consulted on 13 April 2010 (in French) ^ Le sauvignon Archived 2012-04-11 at the Wayback Machine, vignobles et étiquettes, consulted on 13 April 2010 (in French) ^ The wine in question Archived 2009-10-10 at the Wayback Machine, Hachette-vins.com, consulted on 12 April 2010 (in French) ^ A white wine enriched with polyphenols, vitisphère website, consulted on 18 August 2013 (in French) ^ Sulphites, one of the ten priority food allergens Archived 2016-07-07 at the Wayback Machine, Health Canada website, consulted on 18 August 2013 ^ Food Additives Archived 2013-05-01 at the Wayback Machine, June 2006, EUFIC : The European Food Information Council, consulted on 18 August 2013 ^ Wine (intolerance), Vulgaris-Médical, encyclopédie médicale, consulted on 9 January 2011 (in French) ^ Hardness and pH of water, E=MC², consulted on 26 April 2010 (in French) ^ "A tooth against white wine", Radio Canada, consulted on 26 April 2010 (in French) ^ Nutrition, Alcohol and cirrhosis, Institut Danone website, consulted on 18 August 2013 (in French) ^ A glass of wine a day for liver and good health, futura-sciences website, consulted on 26 April 2010 (in French) ^ "Drinking Wine, Particularly White Wine, May Help Keep Lungs Healthy, University At Buffalo Study Finds". ^ "The Health Benefits of White Wine". ^ Tselepis, Alexandros D.; Evangelia S. Lourida; Panagiotis C. Tzimas; Ioannis G. Roussis (2005). "Comparative Antioxidant Effectiveness of White and Red Wine and Their Phenolic Extracts Towards Low". Food Biotechnology. 19 (1–14). doi:10.1081/FBT-200049045. S2CID 83958336. Retrieved 18 August 2013. ^ "12 of The World's Most Expensive Wines". Huffington Post. 10 November 2011.

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