Espresso - Wikipedia

^ Illy, "Il caffè e i cinque sensi" [1]: "La tazzina di porcellana bianca incornicia la crema: una trama sottile nei toni del nocciola, percorsa da leggere striature rossastre" ^ .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}Illy, Andrea (2005). Espresso Coffee: The Science of Quality. Elsevier Academic Press. ^ "The Great Debate: Does Espresso or Drip Coffee Have More Caffeine?". Mr. Coffee. 24 October 2014. Retrieved 21 June 2015. ^ "Show Foods". Archived from the original on 24 November 2013. ^ How much caffeine is in your daily habit? – MayoClinic.com ^ "Show Foods". Archived from the original on 22 November 2013. ^ "Espresso Tamping". CoffeeResearch.org. Retrieved 8 December 2013. ^ "What is Crema?". seattlecoffeegear. Retrieved 8 June 2013. ^ "Espresso Crema". ChemistryViews.org. Retrieved 8 October 2014. ^ "Today's Espresso Scene". Home Barista. Retrieved 29 April 2011. ^ "Espresso Coffee". Coffee Research Institute. Retrieved 29 April 2011. ^ "L'Espresso Italiano Certificato" (PDF). Istituto Nazionale Espresso Italiano. Retrieved 29 April 2011. ^ "Espresso Italiano Certificato" (PDF). Istituto Nazionale Espresso Italiano. Retrieved 15 February 2013. ^ Illy, Francesco; Illy, Riccardo (1992). The book of coffee : a gourmet's guide (1st American ed.). New York: Abbeville Press. ISBN 978-1558593213. ^ Bersten 1993, p. 105. ^ Stamp, Jimmy. "The Long History of the Espresso Machine". Smithsonian. Retrieved 4 April 2019. ^ "Invention of the Caffe Latte". Caffe Mediterraneum. Archived from the original on 14 June 2009. Retrieved 19 April 2009. ^ Hutchins, Timothy (3 July 2017). Coffee Culture. Lulu.com. ISBN 9781387074518.[self-published source] ^ Almut Siefert "Zu Besuch in der Kaffee-Universität in Triest. Eine Bohne kann alles verderben." In: Stuttgarter Zeitung, 27 September 2019. ^ Bersten 1993, p. 131. ^ Bersten 1993, p. 132-133. ^ "espresso". Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford University press. 1989. Retrieved 30 October 2009. ^ Bersten 1993, p. 99. ^ Morris 2007. ^ "Expresso - Define Expresso at Dictionary.com". Dictionary.com. ^ a b Ben Yagoda (18 August 2014). "Espresso or expresso? The x spelling actually has considerable historical precedent". Slate Magazine. ^ Expresso – Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Merriam-webster.com (13 August 2010). Retrieved on 13 February 2011. ^ Expresso | Define Expresso at Dictionary.com. Dictionary.reference.com. Retrieved on 13 February 2011. ^ What is espresso? Or is it expresso?. Homecooking.about.com (14 June 2010). Retrieved on 13 February 2011. ^ What is Espresso. Espresso People. Retrieved on 13 February 2011. Archived 1 September 2006 at the Wayback Machine ^ "The Great Debate: Espresso vs. Expresso". Espresso Blog. Archived from the original on 16 October 2015. ^ Definition of espresso from Oxford Dictionaries Online. Oxforddictionaries.com. Retrieved on 13 February 2011. ^ "Expresso – Definition of Expresso by Merriam-Webster". ^ "Online Etymology Dictionary". ^ Garner 2000, pp. 129–130. ^ Burchfield 1996, p. 286. ^ "Brewing ratios for espresso beverages - Home-Barista.com". ^ a b Anatomy of a Triple Ristretto Archived 9 October 2009 at the Wayback Machine, by Jeremy Gauger, Gimme Coffee, 17 March 2009 – images and explanation ^ Hofmann, Paul (7 August 1983). "Fare of the Country: In Italy, Espresso is the Elixir of Life". Retrieved 25 March 2018. ^ "Freddo Espresso & Freddo Cappuccino | Nespresso Hellas". www.nespresso.com. Retrieved 3 December 2016. ^ "Ήξερες ότι ο Freddo γεννήθηκε στην Ελλάδα;". www.news247.gr (in Greek). Retrieved 20 January 2021. ^ Kevin, Sinnott (2010). The art and craft of coffee: an enthusiast's guide to selecting, roasting, and brewing exquisite coffee. Beverly, Mass.: Quarry Books. p. 160. ISBN 9781592535637. OCLC 437298903. ^ Ortved, John (29 September 2015). "Is That Cappuccino You're Drinking Really a Cappuccino?". The New York Times.