Chocolate - Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org
Your recipes
0
Chocolate - Wikipedia

Ingredients

Remove All · Remove Spices · Remove Staples

Export 0 ingredients for grocery delivery

Instructions

Helping creators monetize
Show ad-free recipes at the top of any site

^ a b c .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}Powis, Terry G.; Cyphers, Ann; Gaikwad, Nilesh W.; Grivetti, Louis; Cheong, Kong (24 May 2011). "Cacao use and the San Lorenzo Olmec". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 108 (21): 8595–8600. Bibcode:2011PNAS..108.8595P. doi:10.1073/pnas.1100620108. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 3102397. PMID 21555564. ^ "Consumían olmecas chocolate hace 3000 años". El Universal. Mexico City. 29 July 2008. ^ "Chocolate: A Mesoamerican Luxury 1200–1521 – Obtaining Cacao". Field Museum. Retrieved 23 November 2011. ^ "The American Heritage Dictionary". Archived from the original on 11 October 2008. Retrieved 9 May 2009. ^ a b c d e Oliver Balch (20 June 2018). "Child labour: the true cost of chocolate production". Raconteur. Retrieved 7 January 2019. ^ a b c Kieran Guilbert (12 June 2017). "Falling cocoa prices threaten child labor spike in Ghana, Ivory Coast". Reuters. Retrieved 7 January 2019. ^ a b Terry G. Powis; W. Jeffrey Hurst; María del Carmen Rodríguez; Ponciano Ortíz C.; Michael Blake; David Cheetham; Michael D. Coe; John G. Hodgson (December 2007). "Oldest chocolate in the New World". Antiquity. 81 (314). ISSN 0003-598X. Archived from the original on 28 June 2011. Retrieved 15 February 2011. ^ Watson, Traci (22 January 2013). "Earliest Evidence of Chocolate in North America". Science. Archived from the original on 6 March 2014. Retrieved 3 March 2014. ^ "New Chemical Analyses Take Confirmation Back 500 Years and Reveal that the Impetus for Cacao Cultivation was an Alcoholic Beverage". Penn Museum. 2007. Archived from the original on 2 December 2007. Retrieved 13 November 2007. ^ a b Burleigh, Robert (2002). Chocolate: Riches from the Rainforest. Harry N. Abrams, Ins., Publishers. ISBN 978-0-8109-5734-3. ^ "Chocolate: A Mesoamerican Luxury 250–900 C.E. (A.D.) – Using Chocolate". Field Museum. Retrieved 23 November 2011. ^ "Chocolate: A Mesoamerican Luxury 250–900 C.E. (A.D.) – Obtaining Cacao". Field Museum. Retrieved 2 June 2008. ^ "Chocolate: A Mesoamerican Luxury 250–900 C.E. (A.D.) – Making Chocolate". Field Museum. Retrieved 2 June 2008. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "History of Chocolate". Field Museum. Retrieved 3 March 2014. ^ "Aztecs and Cacao: the bittersweet past of chocolate". The Daily Telegraph. 15 September 2009. Archived from the original on 18 April 2014. Retrieved 8 March 2014. ^ Peniche Rivero, Piedad (1990). "When cocoa was used as currency – pre-Columbian America – The Fortunes of Money". UNESCO Courier. Archived from the original on 27 May 2012. Retrieved 26 June 2008. ^ Buford, Bill (29 October 2007). "Notes of a Gastronome: Extreme Chocolate". The New Yorker. Archived from the original on 16 June 2008. Retrieved 17 May 2008. ^ Coe & Coe (2013), p. 46. sfnp error: no target: CITEREFCoeCoe2013 (help) ^ a b Chinchilla Mazariegos (2016), p. 361. sfnp error: no target: CITEREFChinchilla_Mazariegos2016 (help) ^ a b c d Spadaccini, Jim. "The Sweet Lure of Chocolate". Exploratorium. Archived from the original on 14 March 2014. Retrieved 3 March 2014. ^ Solís y Ribadeneyra, Antonio de (1685). "Book III Chapter XV". The History of the Conquest of Mexico by the Spaniards, done into English by Thomas Townsend. Translated by Thomas Townsend. London. pp. 336–38. ^ "History of Chocolate" Archived 18 March 2017 at the Wayback Machine. sfu.ca. ^ a b Bensen, Amanda (1 March 2008). "A Brief History of Chocolate". Smithsonian Magazine. Retrieved 3 March 2014. ^ Diderot, Denis. "Chocolate." in The Encyclopedia of Diderot & d'Alembert Collaborative Translation Project. Translated by Colleen Oberc, Samantha Schaeffer, and Courtney Wilder. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Library, 2015. Trans. of "Chocolat," Encyclopédie ou Dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers, vol. 3. Paris, 1753." ^ Szogyi, Alex (1997). Chocolate: Food of the Gods. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 199. ISBN 978-0-313-30506-1. Archived from the original on 5 February 2016. ^ Wilson, Philip K.; Hurst, W. Jeffrey, eds. (2015). Chocolate and Health. Royal Society of Chemistry. p. 219. doi:10.1039/9781782622802. ISBN 978-1-84973-912-2. ^ a b Mintz, Sidney (2015). The Oxford Companion to Sugar and Sweets. Oxford University Press. p. 157. ^ Klein, Christopher (14 February 2014). "The Sweet History of Chocolate". History. Archived from the original on 8 March 2014. Retrieved 3 March 2014. ^ "Amazing archive images show how Cadbury cracked Easter egg market". Birmingham Mail. Retrieved 21 May 2019. ^ "Boston's chocolate history". Boston Globe. 27 July 2013. ^ a b "Where did the first chocolate factory in the U.S. open?". Travel Trivia. 25 November 2019. ^ Ann Trieger Kurland (26 June 2017). "Hebert Candies marks 100 years of yum". Boston Globe. ^ "Chocolate". The American Heritage Dictionary. Archived from the original on 17 May 2008. Retrieved 9 May 2009. ^ Coe & Coe (2013), pp. 121–123. sfnp error: no target: CITEREFCoeCoe2013 (help) ^ Dakin, Karen; Wichmann, Søren (2000). "Cacao and Chocolate: A Uto-Aztecan perspective". Ancient Mesoamerica. 11 (1): 55–75. doi:10.1017/S0956536100111058. Retrieved 10 January 2018. ^ Harper, Douglas. "Chocolate". Online Etymology Dictionary. ^ a b "Directive 2000/36/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 June 2000 relating to cocoa and chocolate products intended for human consumption". Publications Office of the European Union. Retrieved 31 October 2010. ^ "US Federal Register – White Chocolate; Establishment of a Standard of Identity". U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Archived from the original on 21 March 2008. Retrieved 1 June 2008. ^ Matsko Hood, Karen Jean (2015). Chocolate Delights Cookbook: A Collection of Chocolate Recipes. Whispering Pine Press International, Inc. ^ a b Ried, K; Fakler, P; Stocks, N. P (2017). "Effect of cocoa on blood pressure". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 4: CD008893. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008893.pub3. PMC 6478304. PMID 28439881. ^ Kinta, Yasuyoshi; Hartel, Richard W. (20 August 2009). "Bloom Formation on Poorly-Tempered Chocolate and Effects of Seed Addition" (PDF). Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society. 87 (1): 19–27. doi:10.1007/s11746-009-1473-5. S2CID 29161529. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 September 2016. Retrieved 12 September 2016. ^ Ariyoshi, Rita (2007). "The Rarest Chocolate in the World – Surprise: It's made in Hawai'i". Spirit of Aloha. Archived from the original on 18 October 2007. Retrieved 2 May 2007. ^ Hawksley, Humphrey (13 June 2002). "Meeting the 'chocolate slaves'". BBC News. Archived from the original on 30 September 2009. Retrieved 22 January 2010. ^ McKenzie, David and Swails, Brent (19 January 2012) Slavery in Cocoa fields: a horrible "normal" Archived 16 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine. CNN. ^ a b Bridges, Andrew (7 August 2007). "Sides square off in chocolate fight". Pantagraph. Archived from the original on 12 April 2009. Retrieved 17 May 2008. ^ Dillon, Sheila (23 December 2007). "The Food Programme" (RealAudio). BBC Radio 4. Archived from the original on 9 November 2014. ^ "Cocoa Market Update (2012)" (PDF). World Cocoa Foundation. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 June 2014. Retrieved 17 August 2014. ^ "What's Noka Worth? An investigation in high-priced chocolate". Dallas Food. Archived from the original on 13 June 2007. Retrieved 31 December 2006. ^ "Chocolate industry avoids collapse as genome published". BBC. 14 November 2010. Archived from the original on 15 November 2010. Retrieved 15 November 2010. ^ Brodwin, Erin (31 December 2017). "Chocolate is on track to go extinct in 40 years". Business Insider, Inc. Retrieved 31 January 2018. ^ "Cacao". Botanica.com. 1995–2008. Archived from the original on 14 May 2008. Retrieved 27 June 2008. ^ "All About Chocolate: The Cacao Tree". Xocoatl. Archived from the original on 19 December 2007. Retrieved 20 December 2007. ^ a b c d e f Kowalchuk, Kristine. "Cuckoo for Cocoa". Westworld Alberta. Archived from the original on 28 February 2008. Retrieved 1 February 2008. ^ "Criollo Chocolate: Efficient Food of the Gods". MetaEfficient. Archived from the original on 28 August 2008. Retrieved 17 May 2008. ^ "Sensational Chocolates: Discover the Intense Robust flavor of 100% 'Grand Cru' Chocolate". Sensational Chocolates. Archived from the original on 28 March 2008. Retrieved 17 May 2008. ^ "What are the varieties of cocoa?". International Cocoa Organization. 21 July 1998. Archived from the original on 18 February 2006. Retrieved 27 June 2006. ^ Schwan, R.; Wheals, A. (2004). "The Microbiology of Cocoa Fermentation and its Role in Chocolate Quality". Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. 44 (4): 205–221. doi:10.1080/10408690490464104. PMID 15462126. S2CID 34523445. ^ "Harvesting the seeds". Xocoatl. Archived from the original on 21 May 2008. Retrieved 20 May 2008. ^ "Making Chocolate from Scratch" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 March 2010. Retrieved 2 August 2011. ^ "At the chocolate factory". The Cocoa Tree. Archived from the original on 14 January 2007. Retrieved 20 May 2008. ^ Bragg, Lynn (2007). "Letter to CMA from President" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 June 2007. Retrieved 8 June 2007. ^ "Adopt Regulations of General Applicability to all Food Standards that would Permit, within Stated Boundaries, Deviations from the Requirements of the Individual Food Standards of Identity". U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Archived from the original on 22 May 2007. Retrieved 9 June 2007. ^ "2007P-0085 Appendix C Changes Allowed to Modernize Food Standards While Retaining The Basic Nature and Essential Characteristics of Standardized Food" (PDF). U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Retrieved 9 June 2007. ^ Sweet victory for UK chocolate Archived 3 August 2017 at the Wayback Machine BBC News (15 March 2000) ^ "Division 4: Cocoa and Chocolate Products". Government of Canada: Food and Drug Regulations (C.R.C., c. 870). 13 June 2017. Archived from the original on 13 July 2017. Retrieved 20 July 2017. ^ Zonis, Stephanie. "Conching: Crucial Step in Chocolate's Flavor and Texture?". Sally's Place. Archived from the original on 17 June 2008. Retrieved 20 May 2008. ^ a b c LaBau, Elizabeth. "How To Temper Chocolate". About.com. Archived from the original on 8 October 2008. Retrieved 20 May 2008. ^ Afoakwa, Emmanuel Ohene; Paterson, Alistair; Fowler, Mark; Vieira, Joselio (November 2008). "Effects of tempering and fat crystallisation behaviour on microstructure, mechanical properties and appearance in dark chocolate systems". Journal of Food Engineering. 89 (2): 128–136. doi:10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2008.04.021. ^ a b Loisel, C.; Keller, G.; Lecq, G.; Bourgaux, C.; Ollivon, M. (1998). "Phase Transitions and Polymorphism of Cocoa Butter". Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society. 75 (4). pp.425–439, see Table 2 p. 426 for tempering temperatures. doi:10.1007/s11746-998-0245-y. S2CID 207313083. ^ National Confectioner's Association. "The Sweet Truth about Cocoa Butter" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 August 2013. Retrieved 23 April 2013. ^ "Why Chocolate Melts and Jet Planes Don't" (PDF). The Royal Institution of Great Britain. Retrieved 24 April 2013.[dead link] ^ EP Granted 0289849, Helmut Sollich, "Process and apparatus for the continuous preparation of cacao butter or similar fat-containing masses to be processed", published 1988-11-09, assigned to Sollich KG ^ EP Pending 2862449, Peter Braun, "Method and use of an apparatus for continuous tempering of chocolate mass comprising crystals", published 2015-04-22, assigned to Bühler AG ^ DeMarco, E. (7 May 2015). "X-rays reveal how chocolate turns white". Science. doi:10.1126/science.aac4563. Archived from the original on 8 May 2015. Retrieved 8 May 2015. ^ "Tips for Chocolate Care". Ghirardelli. Archived from the original on 6 February 2007. Retrieved 16 April 2007. ^ Miller, Teresa. "Milkfat Fractions Help Beat Blooming Chocolate". College of Agricultural Life and Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison. Archived from the original on 9 June 2007. Retrieved 16 April 2007. ^ "How to Store Chocolate". CocoaBella. Archived from the original on 8 February 2007. Retrieved 16 April 2007. ^ Bau, Frederic, ed. (2011). Cooking With Chocolate: Essential Recipes and Techniques. Paris: Flammarion, S.A. p. 147. ISBN 978-2-08-020081-5. ^ "Chocolate: Types (Unsweetened, Bittersweet, Semisweet, Milk), Selection, and Storage". Better Homes & Gardens. 9 June 2015. Retrieved 10 May 2018. ^ a b c d Latif, R (March 2013). "Chocolate/cocoa and human health: a review". Neth J Med. 71 (2): 63–8. PMID 23462053. ^ "3,7-Dimethylxanthine". ^ Crosby, Janet Tobiassen. "Chocolate Toxicity". Veterinary Q & A. About.com. Archived from the original on 2 May 2008. Retrieved 20 May 2008. ^ a b Rankin, Charley W.; Jerome O. Nriagu; Jugdeep K. Aggarwal; Toyin A. Arowolo; Kola Adebayo; A. Russell Flegal (October 2005). "Lead Contamination in Cocoa and Cocoa Products: Isotopic Evidence of Global Contamination". Environmental Health Perspectives. 113 (10): 1344–8. doi:10.1289/ehp.8009. PMC 1281277. PMID 16203244. ^ a b Yanus, Rinat Levi; Sela, Hagit; Borojovich, Eitan J.C.; Zakon, Yevgeni; Saphier, Magal; Nikolski, Andrey; Gutflais, Efi; Lorber, Avraham; Karpas, Zeev (2014). "Trace elements in cocoa solids and chocolate: An ICPMS study". Talanta. 119: 1–4. doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2013.10.048. PMID 24401377. ^ Villa, Javier E. L.; Peixoto, Rafaella R. A.; Cadore, Solange (2014). "Cadmium and Lead in Chocolates Commercialized in Brazil". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 62 (34): 8759–63. doi:10.1021/jf5026604. PMID 25123980. ^ Schroder, Theresa; Vanhanen, Leo; Savage, Geoffrey P. (2011). "Oxalate content in commercially produced cocoa and dark chocolate". Journal of Food Composition and Analysis. 24 (7): 916–922. doi:10.1016/j.jfca.2011.03.008. ^ Aremu, CY; Agiang, MA; Ayatse, JO (1995). "Nutrient and antinutrient profiles of raw and fermented cocoa beans". Plant Foods for Human Nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands). 48 (3): 217–23. doi:10.1007/bf01088443. PMID 8833428. S2CID 21376588. ^ "Kidney Stones: Overview from the Nephrology Department". Cleveland Clinic. Archived from the original on 5 July 2013. ^ Vongraviopap, Saivaree; Asawanonda, Pravit (May 2016). "Dark chocolate exacerbates acne". International Journal of Dermatology. 55 (5): 587–591. doi:10.1111/ijd.13188. ISSN 1365-4632. PMID 26711092. S2CID 205190502. ^ Buitrago-Lopez, A.; Sanderson, J.; Johnson, L.; Warnakula, S.; Wood, A.; Di Angelantonio, E.; Franco, O. H. (2011). "Chocolate consumption and cardiometabolic disorders: Systematic review and meta-analysis". BMJ. 343: d4488. doi:10.1136/bmj.d4488. PMC 3163382. PMID 21875885. ^ Nurk, Eha; Refsum, H.; Drevon, C. A.; Tell, G. S.; Nygaard, H. A.; Engedal, K.; Smith, A. D.; Vollset, SE; Refsum, H (2009). "Intake of Flavonoid-Rich Wine, Tea, and Chocolate by Elderly Men and Women Is Associated with Better Cognitive Test Performance". Journal of Nutrition. 139 (1): 120–127. doi:10.3945/jn.108.095182. PMID 19056649. ^ "Cocoa, dry powder, unsweetened Nutrition Facts & Calories". nutritiondata.self.com. Retrieved 24 August 2018. ^ "Candies, chocolate, dark, 70–85% cacao solids Nutrition Facts & Calories". nutritiondata.self.com. Retrieved 24 August 2018. ^ Bunker, M. L.; McWilliams, M. (1979). "Caffeine content of common beverages". Journal of the American Dietetic Association. 74 (1): 28–32. PMID 762339. ^ "Effects of Low Doses of Caffeine on Mood, Physiology and Mental Function - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov". Retrieved 24 August 2018. ^ Smit, H. J.; Rogers, P. J. (October 2010). "Effects of low doses of caffeine on cognitive performance, mood and thirst in low and higher caffeine consumers". Psychopharmacology. 152 (2): 167–173. doi:10.1007/s002130000506. ISSN 0033-3158. PMID 11057520. S2CID 7176784. ^ Katz DL, Doughty K, Ali A. Cocoa and chocolate in human health and disease. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2011;15(10):2779-2811. doi:10.1089/ars.2010.3697. ^ Miller, K. B.; Hurst, W. J.; Payne, M. J.; Stuart, D. A.; Apgar, J.; Sweigart, D. S.; Ou, B. (2008). "Impact of Alkalization on the Antioxidant and Flavanol Content of Commercial Cocoa Powders". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 56 (18): 8527–33, 8527. doi:10.1021/jf801670p. PMID 18710243. ^ "Caffeine". New South Wales Government. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 8 September 2015. ^ Stevens, Molly. "Sorting Out Chocolate". Taunton. Archived from the original on 21 April 2008. Retrieved 17 May 2008. ^ "Chocolate Country". The New York Times. 2006. Archived from the original on 19 May 2014. Retrieved 20 May 2014. ^ "BELGIUM: Government encourages chocolate producers to support international quality label". just-food.com. 21 December 2000. Archived from the original on 19 May 2014. Retrieved 20 May 2014. ^ a b "BBC News | EUROPE | Euro chocolate war ends". news.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 16 May 2020. ^ "National Organic Program". USDA Agricultural Marketing Service. Archived from the original on 1 April 2008. Retrieved 7 June 2008. ^ "Selling Labelled Products". Fairtrade Labelling Organizations International. Archived from the original on 2 June 2008. Retrieved 7 June 2008. ^ "FDA's Standards for High Quality Foods". Food and Drug Administration. Archived from the original on 24 February 2008. Retrieved 17 May 2008. ^ "About Chocolate- History". Chocolatesource.com. Archived from the original on 27 February 2009. Retrieved 22 January 2010. ^ "Report: The Global Market for Chocolate to 2006". The-infoshop.com. Archived from the original on 16 July 2011. Retrieved 22 January 2010. ^ Griswold, Alison (24 November 2014). "Are We Actually Facing a Chocolate Shortfall?". Slate. The Slate Group. Archived from the original on 24 November 2014. Retrieved 24 November 2014. ^ "The Chocolate Industry: Abusive Child Labor and Poverty Behind the Sweetness". Globalexchange.org. 7 December 2004. Archived from the original on 10 February 2005. ^ "First taste of chocolate in Ivory Coast". Metropolis TV [NL]. Archived from the original on 5 February 2016. Retrieved 17 August 2014. ^ Duncan, Andrew. "Hershey Kisses Potential Buyers Goodbye". Book Sense. Archived from the original on 20 April 2006. Retrieved 30 June 2006. ^ Jones, Sarah (9 April 2009). "U.K. Stocks Fluctuate as Mining Shares Rally; Cadbury Declines". Bloomberg. Archived from the original on 27 March 2010. Retrieved 14 April 2009. ^ Hawksley, Humphrey (4 May 2001). "Ivory Coast accuses chocolate companies". BBC News. Archived from the original on 14 January 2009. Retrieved 4 August 2010. ^ a b O'Keefe, Brian (1 March 2016). "Inside Big Chocolate's Child Labor Problem". Fortune.com. Fortune. Retrieved 7 January 2018. For a decade and a half, the big chocolate makers have promised to end child labor in their industry – and have spent tens of millions of dollars in the effort. But as of the latest estimate, 2.1 million West African children still do the dangerous and physically taxing work of harvesting cocoa. What will it take to fix the problem? ^ a b "Cocoa Market Update" (PDF). World Cocoa Foundation. May 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 October 2011. Retrieved 11 December 2011. ^ "Rooting out child labour from cocoa farms: Paper No. 4 Child labour monitoring – A partnership of communities and government". International Labour Organization. 2007. Archived from the original on 2 April 2016. ^ "The cocoa market: A background study" (PDF). Oxfam. 2002. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 September 2008. ^ a b "International Development: Human Trafficking". Salvation Army. Archived from the original on 22 July 2014. Retrieved 16 July 2014. ^ Salvation Army International Development (SAID) UK (2009). "Human Trafficking – Promises Archived 10 July 2014 at the Wayback Machine." ^ "Slavery in the chocolate industry". Food Empowerment Project. Archived from the original on 12 July 2014. Retrieved 16 July 2014. ^ "Act now to end child slavery in the chocolate industry". Anti-slavery: Today's fight for tomorrow's freedom. Archived from the original on 20 July 2014. Retrieved 16 July 2014. ^ "Child Labor in the Production of Cocoa". Bureau of International Labor Affairs, United States Department of Labor, Washington, DC. 2018. Retrieved 7 January 2019. ^ "Cocoa has a poverty problem. You can help by eating more dark chocolate". New Food Economy. 7 July 2018. Retrieved 7 July 2018. ^ a b "2018 Cocoa Barometer Report". The Cocoa Barometer. 19 April 2018. Retrieved 8 January 2019. ^ Brown, Michael Barratt (2007). "'Fair Trade' with Africa". Review of African Political Economy. 34 (112): 267–77. doi:10.1080/03056240701449653. JSTOR 20406397. ^ Goodman, Michael K (2004). "Reading fairtrade: political ecological imaginary and the moral economy of fairtrade foods". Political Geography. 23 (7): 891–915. doi:10.1016/j.polgeo.2004.05.013. ^ "Agriculture in Ethiopia and Uganda: Not so fair trade". The Economist. Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 3 July 2014.

Top similar recipes

Chocolate chip - Wikipedia-image
trending101 views

Chocolate chip - Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org

Chocolate liqueur - Wikipedia-image
trending174 views

Chocolate liqueur - Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org

Milk chocolate - Wikipedia-image
trending126 views

Milk chocolate - Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org

Hot chocolate - Wikipedia-image
trending2 views

Hot chocolate - Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org

Chocolate cake - Wikipedia-image
trending2 views

Chocolate cake - Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org

Compound chocolate - Wikipedia-image
trending95 views

Compound chocolate - Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org

White chocolate - Wikipedia-image
trending6 views

White chocolate - Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org

Gianduja (chocolate) - Wikipedia-image
trending336 views

Gianduja (chocolate) - Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org

Chocolate liquor - Wikipedia-image
trending173 views

Chocolate liquor - Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org

Ruby chocolate - Wikipedia-image
trending302 views

Ruby chocolate - Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org

Chocolate brownie - Wikipedia-image
trending132 views

Chocolate brownie - Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org

Chocolate milk - Wikipedia-image
trending180 views

Chocolate milk - Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org

Chocolate bar - Wikipedia-image
trending149 views

Chocolate bar - Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org

Dubai chocolate - Wikipedia-image
trending106 views

Dubai chocolate - Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org

Chocolate praline - Wikipedia-image
trending146 views

Chocolate praline - Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org

Mars (chocolate bar) - Wikipedia-image
trending282 views

Mars (chocolate bar) - Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org

Molten chocolate cake - Wikipedia-image
trending304 views

Molten chocolate cake - Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org

Mars (chocolate bar) - Wikipedia-image
trending224 views

Mars (chocolate bar) - Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org

Mars (chocolate bar) - Wikipedia-image
trending586 views

Mars (chocolate bar) - Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org