Hot chocolate - Wikipedia

^ .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#2C882D;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911F}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{color:#f8a397}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{color:#f8a397}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911F}}Grivetti, Louis E.; Shapiro, Howard-Yana (2009). Chocolate: history, culture, and heritage. John Wiley and Sons. p. 345. ISBN 978-0-470-12165-8. ^ Zarrillo, Sonia; Gaikwad, Nilesh; Lanaud, Claire; Powis, Terry; Viot, Christopher; Lesur, Isabelle; Fouet, Olivier; Argout, Xavier; Guichoux, Erwan; Salin, Franck; Solorzano, Rey Loor; Bouchez, Olivier; Vignes, Hélène; Severts, Patrick; Hurtado, Julio (October 29, 2018). "The use and domestication of Theobroma cacao during the mid-Holocene in the upper Amazon". Nature Ecology & Evolution. 2 (12): 1879–1888. Bibcode:2018NatEE...2.1879Z. doi:10.1038/s41559-018-0697-x. ISSN 2397-334X. PMID 30374172. S2CID 53099825. Archived from the original on March 9, 2023. Retrieved January 29, 2024. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Trivedi, Bijal (July 17, 2012). "Ancient Chocolate Found in Maya "Teapot"". National Geographic. Archived from the original on July 20, 2002. Retrieved July 15, 2017. ^ "Silver Chocolate Pot". Metalwork. Victoria and Albert Museum. Retrieved August 18, 2007. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i Burleigh, Robert (2002). Chocolate: Riches from the Rainforest. Harry N. Abrams, Ins., Publishers. ISBN 0-8109-5734-5. ^ Earley, Diane (2001). The Official M&M's History of Chocolate. Charlesbridge Publishing. ISBN 1-57091-448-6. ^ Hickling, William (1838). History of the Conquest of Mexico. ISBN 0-375-75803-8. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Stradley, Linda (2004). "Rediscover True Hot Chocolate - History of Hot Chocolate". What's Cooking America. Retrieved June 27, 2008. ^ Spadaccini, Jim (2008). "The Sweet Lure of Chocolate". Exploratorium. Retrieved July 18, 2008. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Norton, Marcy (2004). Conquests of Chocolate. OAH Magazine of History. ^ Berdan, Frances (1992). Codex Mendoza. Berkeley: Univ. of California Press. ^ "Don Cortes". Cadbury Trebor Bassett. 2008. Archived from the original on October 21, 2007. Retrieved June 27, 2008. ^ Paajanen, Sean (February 6, 2019). "An Abridged History of Hot Chocolate: Its Changes Over the Years". The Spruce Eats. ^ Pearce, David (2008). "Cacao and Chocolate Timeline". David Pearce. Archived from the original on February 19, 2005. Retrieved June 27, 2008. ^ Jump up to: a b c Green, Matthew (March 11, 2017). "How the decadence and depravity of London's 18th century elite was fuelled by hot chocolate". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on January 12, 2022. Retrieved July 15, 2017. ^ "Chocolate Houses". Cadbury Trebor Bassett. 2008. Archived from the original on October 28, 2007. Retrieved June 27, 2008. ^ "Inflation". Bank of England. 2017. Retrieved December 13, 2017. ^ "About Sir Hans Sloane". The Natural History Museum. Retrieved October 3, 2015. ^ "Chocolate History". Middleborough Public Schools. 2008. Archived from the original on July 2, 2008. Retrieved June 26, 2008. ^ Klein, Christopher (February 13, 2014). "The Sweet History of Chocolate". The History Channel. Retrieved July 15, 2017. ^ Exclusive Brand Torino. "THE HISTORY OF CHOCOLATE IN TURIN". Exclusive Brand Torino. Archived from the original on May 21, 2022. Retrieved January 20, 2022. ^ Jump up to: a b Craddock, Darren. "Why Hot Cocoa Is Healthier Than Hot Chocolate". Archived from the original on January 22, 2009. Retrieved June 26, 2008. ^ Jump up to: a b c "Hot Cocoa Tops Red Wine And Tea In Antioxidants; May Be Healthier Choice". Science Daily. November 6, 2003. Retrieved June 26, 2008. ^ Jump up to: a b c The Nibble (2005–2008). "Some Like It Hot: Hot Chocolate & Hot Cocoa Mixes: An Overview". Lifestyle Direct, Inc. Retrieved July 15, 2008. ^ Baggott, MJ; Childs, E; Hart, AB; de Bruin, E; Palmer, AA; Wilkinson, JE; de Wit, H (July 2013). "Psychopharmacology of theobromine in healthy volunteers". Psychopharmacology. 228 (1): 109–18. doi:10.1007/s00213-013-3021-0. PMC 3672386. PMID 23420115. ^ Ehmer, Kersten; Hindermann, Beate (2015). The School of Sophisticated Drinking: An Intoxicating History of Seven Spirits. Greystone Books. p. 32. ISBN 9781771641197. ^ Kperogi, Farooq (January 26, 2014). "Q and A on the grammar of food, usage and Nigerian English". Daily Trust. Archived from the original on February 23, 2017. Retrieved February 23, 2017. We call everything we drink in the morning "tea" even if it's not.[...]"Daddy, why do Nigerians call hot cocoa 'tea'?" she asked me. ^ Jump up to: a b c d McGavin, Jennifer (April 4, 2017). "Kakao oder Heisse Schokolade". the spruce. Retrieved July 9, 2017. ^ Hall, Christopher (November–December 2010). "Where to Find the Best Hot Chocolate and Churros in Spain". National Geographic Traveler. Archived from the original on October 3, 2011. Retrieved July 9, 2017. ^ Poncelin, Pamela. "Culinary Ambassadors: Breakfast in France". Serious Eats. Archived from the original on July 9, 2017. Retrieved July 10, 2017. ^ Rosengarten, David (January 6, 2004). "Hot chocolate like you've never tasted before". TODAY. Archived from the original on April 12, 2004. Retrieved December 20, 2009. ^ Billet, Felisa (October 23, 2009). "Warming up to real hot chocolate". USA TODAY. Retrieved December 20, 2009. ^ Jump up to: a b Morton, Marcia; Frederic Morton (1986). Chocolate, an Illustrated History. New York: Crown Publishers. ^ Sciscenti, Mark J. (February 7, 2015). "Why We Drink Hot Chocolate in the Winter". The Guardian. Retrieved February 17, 2015. ^ "Difference Between Mocha and Coffee | Difference Between | Mocha vs Coffee". January 11, 2012. Retrieved March 11, 2019. ^ Jump up to: a b Moncayo, Jennifer (January 28, 2013). "Mexican Chocolate: A Short History & Recipe". The Latin Kitchen. Archived from the original on August 21, 2017. Retrieved July 15, 2017. ^ Johnson, Dorothy (December 6, 1942). "Hot Chocolate is Historical Mexican Drink". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved July 15, 2017. ^ Bakshani, Nikkitha (March 4, 2015). "Colombian Hot Chocolate: Just Add Cheese". The Daily Meal. Retrieved July 9, 2017. ^ Jump up to: a b c "Hot Chocolate in Latin America". Viva Travel Guides. Retrieved July 9, 2017. ^ "The curious Peruvian tradition of drinking hot chocolate and paneton in summer". Rischmoller Real Estate. November 30, 2012. Retrieved July 9, 2017. ^ Jump up to: a b Polistico, Edgie (2017). Philippine Food, Cooking, & Dining Dictionary. Anvil Publishing, Incorporated. ISBN 9786214200870.[permanent dead link] ^ Jump up to: a b Cabrera, Maryanne (January 27, 2018). "sokolate (Filipino Hot Chocolate)". The Little Epicurean. Retrieved December 13, 2018. ^ United States Food and Drug Administration (2024). "Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels". FDA. Archived from the original on March 27, 2024. Retrieved March 28, 2024. ^ National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Health and Medicine Division; Food and Nutrition Board; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium (2019). Oria, Maria; Harrison, Meghan; Stallings, Virginia A. (eds.). Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium. The National Academies Collection: Reports funded by National Institutes of Health. Washington, DC: National Academies Press (US). ISBN 978-0-309-48834-1. PMID 30844154. Archived from the original on May 9, 2024. Retrieved June 21, 2024. ^ Bonneville, Marguerite. "Can Chocolate Benefit Your Health?". Open Kitchen. Archived from the original on July 20, 2012. Retrieved June 27, 2008. ^ Jump up to: a b c Schivelbusch, Wolfgang (1993). Tastes of paradise: a social history of spices, stimulants, and intoxicants. New York: Vintage Books. ^ Lee, KW; Kim, YJ; Lee, HJ; Lee, CY (December 3, 2003). "Cocoa has more phenolic phytochemicals and a higher antioxidant capacity than teas and red wine". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 51 (25): 7292–5. doi:10.1021/jf0344385. PMID 14640573. ^ Jump up to: a b c Olson, Elizabeth (February 17, 2004). "Beyond Delicious, Chocolate May Help Pump Up Your Heart". The New York Times. Retrieved July 5, 2008. ^ Jump up to: a b "Your Heart and Vascular Health". The Cleveland Clinic. 1995–2008. Retrieved July 5, 2008.