Desflurane: Uses, Interactions, Mechanism of Action | DrugBank Online

Step 1

Lockwood G: Theoretical context-sensitive elimination times for inhalation anaesthetics. Br J Anaesth. 2010 May;104(5):648-55. doi: 10.1093/bja/aeq051. Epub 2010 Mar 16. [Article] Kharasch ED, Thummel KE: Identification of cytochrome P450 2E1 as the predominant enzyme catalyzing human liver microsomal defluorination of sevoflurane, isoflurane, and methoxyflurane. Anesthesiology. 1993 Oct;79(4):795-807. [Article] Koblin DD: Characteristics and implications of desflurane metabolism and toxicity. Anesth Analg. 1992 Oct;75(4 Suppl):S10-6. [Article] Sutton TS, Koblin DD, Gruenke LD, Weiskopf RB, Rampil IJ, Waskell L, Eger EI 2nd: Fluoride metabolites after prolonged exposure of volunteers and patients to desflurane. Anesth Analg. 1991 Aug;73(2):180-5. doi: 10.1213/00000539-199108000-00011. [Article] Khan J, Liu M: Desflurane . [Article] Tu K, Tarek M, Klein ML, Scharf D: Effects of anesthetics on the structure of a phospholipid bilayer: molecular dynamics investigation of halothane in the hydrated liquid crystal phase of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine. Biophys J. 1998 Nov;75(5):2123-34. doi: 10.1016/S0006-3495(98)77655-6. [Article] Krasowski MD: Contradicting a unitary theory of general anesthetic action: a history of three compounds from 1901 to 2001. Bull Anesth Hist. 2003 Jul;21(3):1, 4-8, 21 passim. doi: 10.1016/s1522-8649(03)50031-2. [Article] Herold KF, Sanford RL, Lee W, Andersen OS, Hemmings HC Jr: Clinical concentrations of chemically diverse general anesthetics minimally affect lipid bilayer properties. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017 Mar 21;114(12):3109-3114. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1611717114. Epub 2017 Mar 6. [Article] Ton HT, Phan TX, Abramyan AM, Shi L, Ahern GP: Identification of a putative binding site critical for general anesthetic activation of TRPA1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017 Apr 4;114(14):3762-3767. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1618144114. Epub 2017 Mar 20. [Article] Grasshoff C, Antkowiak B: Effects of isoflurane and enflurane on GABAA and glycine receptors contribute equally to depressant actions on spinal ventral horn neurones in rats. Br J Anaesth. 2006 Nov;97(5):687-94. doi: 10.1093/bja/ael239. Epub 2006 Sep 13. [Article] Dildy-Mayfield JE, Eger EI 2nd, Harris RA: Anesthetics produce subunit-selective actions on glutamate receptors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1996 Mar;276(3):1058-65. [Article] Matchett GA, Allard MW, Martin RD, Zhang JH: Neuroprotective effect of volatile anesthetic agents: molecular mechanisms. Neurol Res. 2009 Mar;31(2):128-34. doi: 10.1179/174313209X393546. [Article] Hanley PJ, Ray J, Brandt U, Daut J: Halothane, isoflurane and sevoflurane inhibit NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I) of cardiac mitochondria. J Physiol. 2002 Nov 1;544(Pt 3):687-93. [Article] Kosk-Kosicka D: Plasma membrane Ca(2+)-ATPase as a target for volatile anesthetics. Adv Pharmacol. 1994;31:313-22. [Article] Behne M, Wilke HJ, Lischke V: Recovery and pharmacokinetic parameters of desflurane, sevoflurane, and isoflurane in patients undergoing urologic procedures. J Clin Anesth. 1999 Sep;11(6):460-5. doi: 10.1016/s0952-8180(99)00082-3. [Article] Lu CC, Tsai CS, Hu OY, Chen RM, Chen TL, Ho ST, Gan TJ: Pharmacokinetics of desflurane elimination from respiratory gas and blood during the 20 minutes after cardiac surgery. J Formos Med Assoc. 2013 Apr;112(4):185-92. doi: 10.1016/j.jfma.2012.01.017. Epub 2012 May 20. [Article] Sawas AH, Pentyala SN, Rebecchi MJ: Binding of volatile anesthetics to serum albumin: measurements of enthalpy and solvent contributions. Biochemistry. 2004 Oct 5;43(39):12675-85. [Article] Wissing H, Kuhn I, Rietbrock S, Fuhr U: Pharmacokinetics of inhaled anaesthetics in a clinical setting: comparison of desflurane, isoflurane and sevoflurane. Br J Anaesth. 2000 Apr;84(4):443-9. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.bja.a013467. [Article] Eger EI 2nd: Partition coefficients of I-653 in human blood, saline, and olive oil. Anesth Analg. 1987 Oct;66(10):971-3. [Article] Eger EI 2nd, Johnson BH: Rates of awakening from anesthesia with I-653, halothane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane: a test of the effect of anesthetic concentration and duration in rats. Anesth Analg. 1987 Oct;66(10):977-82. [Article] Eger EI 3rd: Stability of I-653 in soda lime. Anesth Analg. 1987 Oct;66(10):983-5. [Article] FDA Approved Drug Products: Suprane (Desflurane) Inhalational Liquid [Link]

Step 2

Mohler H, Fritschy JM, Rudolph U: A new benzodiazepine pharmacology. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2002 Jan;300(1):2-8. [Article] Riss J, Cloyd J, Gates J, Collins S: Benzodiazepines in epilepsy: pharmacology and pharmacokinetics. Acta Neurol Scand. 2008 Aug;118(2):69-86. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2008.01004.x. Epub 2008 Mar 31. [Article]

Step 3

Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article] Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article] Grasshoff C, Antkowiak B: Effects of isoflurane and enflurane on GABAA and glycine receptors contribute equally to depressant actions on spinal ventral horn neurones in rats. Br J Anaesth. 2006 Nov;97(5):687-94. doi: 10.1093/bja/ael239. Epub 2006 Sep 13. [Article]

Step 4

Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article] Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article] Dildy-Mayfield JE, Eger EI 2nd, Harris RA: Anesthetics produce subunit-selective actions on glutamate receptors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1996 Mar;276(3):1058-65. [Article]

Step 5

Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article] Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article] Matchett GA, Allard MW, Martin RD, Zhang JH: Neuroprotective effect of volatile anesthetic agents: molecular mechanisms. Neurol Res. 2009 Mar;31(2):128-34. doi: 10.1179/174313209X393546. [Article]

Step 6

Hanley PJ, Ray J, Brandt U, Daut J: Halothane, isoflurane and sevoflurane inhibit NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I) of cardiac mitochondria. J Physiol. 2002 Nov 1;544(Pt 3):687-93. [Article] Kayser EB, Suthammarak W, Morgan PG, Sedensky MM: Isoflurane selectively inhibits distal mitochondrial complex I in Caenorhabditis elegans. Anesth Analg. 2011 Jun;112(6):1321-9. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0b013e3182121d37. Epub 2011 Apr 5. [Article]

Step 7

Kosk-Kosicka D: Plasma membrane Ca(2+)-ATPase as a target for volatile anesthetics. Adv Pharmacol. 1994;31:313-22. [Article]

Step 8

Kosk-Kosicka D, Roszczynska G: Inhibition of plasma membrane Ca(2+)-ATPase activity by volatile anesthetics. Anesthesiology. 1993 Oct;79(4):774-80. [Article]

Step 9

Kharasch ED, Thummel KE: Identification of cytochrome P450 2E1 as the predominant enzyme catalyzing human liver microsomal defluorination of sevoflurane, isoflurane, and methoxyflurane. Anesthesiology. 1993 Oct;79(4):795-807. [Article]

Step 10

Sawas AH, Pentyala SN, Rebecchi MJ: Binding of volatile anesthetics to serum albumin: measurements of enthalpy and solvent contributions. Biochemistry. 2004 Oct 5;43(39):12675-85. [Article]