Rum - Wikipedia

^ .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}"Leading rum brands worldwide based on sales volume 2019". Statista. Retrieved 1 April 2021. ^ Brick, Jason (16 March 2016). "The world's best rum comes from these countries". Thrillist. Retrieved 15 September 2019. ^ a b du Toit, Nick (29 July 2011). "Yo-ho-ho and a bottle of Koxinga Gold rum". taiwantoday.tw. Taiwan Today. Retrieved 8 June 2021. ^ a b c d e f g Pacult, F. Paul (July 2002). "Mapping Rum By Region". Wine Enthusiast Magazine. Archived from the original on 29 October 2013. ^ a b c Curtis (2006), pp. 34-35 ^ a b Oxford English Dictionary, Third Edition, 2011, s.v. 'rum, adj.1 ' ^ a b Anatoly Liberman, "The Rum History of the Word 'Rum'", OUPblog October 6, 2010 ^ Oxford English Dictionary, Third Edition, 2011, [https://www.oed.com/view/Entry/168780 s.v. 'rumbullion' ^ Blue, p. 72-73 ^ a b Blue p. 73 ^ "The West Indies Rum Distillery Limited". WIRD Ltd. 2009. Retrieved 28 April 2011. ^ Wayne Curtis. "The Five Biggest Rum Myths". Liquor.com. ^ Rajiv. M (12 March 2003). "A Caribbean drink". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 3 February 2007. ^ Curtis (2006), p.14 ^ Achaya, K. T. (1994). Indian Food Tradition A Historical Companion. Oxford University Press. pp. 59, 60. ISBN 978-0195644166. ^ Maria Dembinska, Food and Drink in Medieval Poland: Rediscovering a Cuisine of the Past (Philadelphia: University of Philadelphia Press, 1999) p. 41 ^ J. H. Galloway, 'The Mediterranean Sugar Industry' in Geographical Review Vol. 67, No. 2 (Apr., 1977), p. 190 ^ Maria Dembinska, Food and Drink in Medieval Poland: Rediscovering a Cuisine of the Past (Philadelphia: University of Philadelphia Press, 1999) p. 41 ^ Blue p. 72 ^ Blue p. 70 ^ Cavalcante, Messias Soares. A verdadeira história da cachaça. São Paulo: Sá Editora, 2011. 608p. ISBN 978-85-88193-62-8 ^ a b c d e Standage, Tom (2006). A History of the World in 6 Glasses. New York, New York: Walker Publishing Company. ISBN 9780802715524. ^ "Arkeologerna: Skatter i havet". UR Play. Archived from the original on 12 August 2013. Retrieved 29 July 2013. ^ Blue p. 74 ^ Roueché, Berton. Alcohol in Human Culture. in: Lucia, Salvatore P. (Ed.) Alcohol and Civilization New York: McGraw-Hill, 1963 p. 178 ^ Blue p. 76 ^ a b Tannahill p. 295 ^ Tannahill p. 296 ^ Morison, Daniel, "The Doctor's Secret Journal," The Fort Mackinac Division Press, Lansing, Michigan, Copyright 1960 ^ Morison, Daniel, "The Doctor's Secret Journal," The Fort Mackinac Division Press, Lansing, Michigan, Copyright 1960, page 26. ^ a b Frost, Doug (6 January 2005). "Rum makers distill unsavory history into fresh products". San Francisco Chronicle. ^ Rorabaugh, W.J. (1981). The Alcoholic Republic: An American Tradition. Oxford University Press. pp. 152–154. ISBN 978-0195029901. ^ Buckner, Timothy Ryan (2005). "Constructing Identities on the Frontier of Slavery, Natchez Mississippi, 1760-1860" (PDF). p. 129. Retrieved 6 November 2012. ^ Pack p. 15 ^ Blue p. 77 ^ a b "Navy strength - a nautical history, section Proving the Proof". Sub 13 cocktail bar. 22 September 2017. ^ Tannahill p. 273 ^ Pack p. 123 ^ Chapter 6 "Supplementary Income," para.0661 "Extra and other issues," Ministry of Defence regulations ^ Blue p. 78 ^ Mikkelson, Barbara (9 May 2006). "Body found in barrel". Urban Legends Reference Pages. Snopes.com. Archived from the original on 15 January 2022. Retrieved 15 January 2009. ^ Clarke p. 26 ^ Geoffrey Blainey The Tyranny of Distance: How Distance Shaped Australia's History Macmillan (1966) ^ Clarke p. 29 ^ Koutsakis, George (6 June 2021). "Will Japanese whisky be eclipsed by Taiwan? The island's gin and rum also show promise – with one distillery promising spirits 'good enough for God'". www.scmp.com. South China Morning Post. Retrieved 8 June 2021. ^ Blue p. 81-82 ^ "The drink that nearly knocked me out with one sniff" by Nick Davis, BBC News, 6 September 2015 ^ "At a temperance meeting recently held in New Zealand, an intemperate chief addressed the audience, to the surprise of all, in favor of banning rum from the country. Some rude-rum selling foreigners interrupted him with a sneer that he was the greatest drunkard in the region". From The Religious Monitor, or Evangelical Repository Vol. XIV, Hoffman & White, 1837-39, p. 480. ^ Meara, Mallory (2021). Girly drinks: a world history of women and alcohol. Toronto, Ontario, Canada: Hanover Square Press. p. 316. ISBN 978-1-335-28240-8. OCLC 1273729039. ^ Selsky, Andrew (15 September 2003). "Age-old drink losing kick". The Miami Herald. ^ "Tourism Industry in Liberia". Uniboa.org. Archived from the original on 31 May 2009. Retrieved 5 December 2009. ^ "Surreptitious Drug Abuse and the New". Archived from the original on 21 March 2008. Retrieved 16 April 2008. ^ "Photo-article on Liberian village life". Pages.prodigy.net. Archived from the original on 31 May 2008. Retrieved 15 January 2018. ^ "Sugarcane Machete". National Museum of American History. 2005. ^ "Chapter 3 Sugar cane". Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. ^ a b c d e Vaughan, Mark (1 June 1994). "Tropical Delights". Cigar Aficionado. Archived from the original on 9 March 2005. Retrieved 7 June 2005. ^ Cooper p. 54 ^ Nicol, Denis A. (2003). "Rum". In Lea, Andrew G.H.; Piggott, John R. (eds.). Fermented Beverage Production. Link.springer.com. Springer, Boston, MA. pp. 263–287. doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-0187-9_12. ISBN 978-0-306-47706-5. ^ Branch, Legislative Services. "Consolidated Federal Laws of Canada, Food and Drug Regulations". laws.justice.gc.ca. Retrieved 19 July 2017. ^ "Manufacturing Rum". Archived from the original on 20 November 2003. Retrieved 6 November 2012. ^ Curtiss, Wayne. "One Man's Quest to Make 20-Year-Old Rum in Just Six Days". Wired. No. 30 May 2017. Retrieved 28 July 2017. ^ Blue p. 80 ^ Cooper p. 54-55