Step 1

In a small saucepan, whisk together the aquafaba, ¼ cup of the powdered sugar, and the starch. Place over low to medium-low heat. Whisking frequently, slowly heat the mixture just until steamy. This should take about 6 minutes. If it is heating too quickly reduce the heat; do NOT let it reach a simmer. Once it's steamy and just short of bubbling, remove from heat.

Step 2

Pour the hot aquafaba mixture into the bowl of a large stand mixer with a whisk attachment. If using an electric handheld mixer, pour the mixture into a large stainless mixing bowl. Add the cream of tartar or lemon juice. Beat on medium speed for about 2 minutes. The mixture will look foamy but thin.

Step 3

Increase to medium-high speed, add the vanilla, and beat for another 2 to 3 minutes.

Step 4

Increase to high speed, and continue until stiff peaks form, about 2 minutes longer. During this time, stop the machine to taste and adjust sweetness. Sift in the remaining sugar 1 Tbsp at a time, beating on high after each addition. You can also add more vanilla if desired.

Step 5

Optional: To add oil, with the machine on high speed, very slowly drizzle in up to 1 tablespoon neutral-tasting oil. This will cause it to deflate a bit, which is normal. Serve right away or refrigerate until ready to use. See Notes for re-whipping and storage tips.